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Last modified by Anna Paul-Hasenfuss on 01.10.2024
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3 You can find a brief overview on accessibility as well as information on structuring tasks and possible solutions, on colours/contrasts, and on the use of media on our help page [[Creating accessible content>>doc:LMS.Benutzerhandbuch OPAL.Barrierefreiheit.Erstellung barrierefreier Inhalte.WebHome]] in the OPAL manual.
4
5 The [[Text editor (TinyMCE)>>doc:LMS.Benutzerhandbuch OPAL.Lehren.Weitere Funktionen.Texteditor.WebHome]] is both used in OPAL and in ONYX. All tips and instructions in the OPAL manual can also be used for ONYX.
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15
16 == General Information ==
17
18 * Offer a mock exam so you and your students can try out the functions and familiarise yourselves with the interface.
19 * Give important information at the beginning of a test or examination, e.g. about time limits or clues to question types. This can be done by using the [[Section descriptions>>doc:ONYX.Erstellung von Testinhalten.Test erstellen.Sektion.WebHome]] in a test, for instance.
20 * When setting the task, you should state the type of question (choice interaction, text interaction, etc.) and indicate if several answers can be given.
21 * The [[Upload interaction>>doc:ONYX.Erstellung von Testinhalten.Aufgabentypen.Uploadaufgabe.WebHome]], which enables a file to be uploaded, can be a good alternative for non-accessible question types in some scenarios.
22 * Activate [[Comments >>doc:ONYX.Erstellung von Testinhalten.Aufgaben.Optionen festlegen.WebHome||anchor="HKommentare"]]at question level so that an alternative answer in text form is possible. This is important for drag-and-drop tasks (e.g. order interactions), as these cannot be operated by using the keyboard and are not accessible for blind people.
23
24 == Time limit ==
25
26 Avoid time limits wherever possible. However, if it is necessary to set a time limit, it is possible to **extend the processing time as compensation for disadvantages** as follows:
27
28 * Add time at the beginning of the exam (possible via [[Exam control>>doc:LMS.Benutzerhandbuch OPAL.Lehren.Kursbausteine.Test.KB Test Konfiguration.Test-Konfiguration.Prüfungssteuerung.WebHome]]) //OR//
29 * Independent exam: Create an additional learning group and a copy of the test content and course element test with extended access time
30
31 {{warning}}
32 Be sure to consult your institution's examination regulations and rules on compensation for disadvantages.
33 {{/warning}}
34
35
36 == Media in tests and exams ==
37
38 === Inserting media via text editor ===
39
40 Add images, audio, and videos to the task and answer options via [[Text editor>>doc:LMS.Benutzerhandbuch OPAL.Lehren.Weitere Funktionen.Texteditor.WebHome]]. If you integrate media, make sure you have alternative texts for images and subtitles/transcripts for audio and videos. You can find further information in the OPAL manual under [[What to consider when using media>>doc:LMS.Benutzerhandbuch OPAL.Barrierefreiheit.Erstellung barrierefreier Inhalte.WebHome||anchor="HWasistbeimEinsatzvonMedienzubeachten3F"]].
41
42 Keep in mind that **the alternative text and the picture description should not contain the solution or simplify the task**. If in doubt, make the alternative text and image description (not shown in the visible interface) accessible to everyone and describe the image directly in the task.
43
44
45 === Question types that are based on images ===
46
47 Some question types are based on pictures. Those include hotspot interactions, graphic match interactions and drawing interactions. They cannot be completed by blind people or people with visual impairments.
48
49 Offer alternatives either by using a different question type or by using the comment field of the question, which allows your students to give answers in text form. For such question types, you will need to add alternative text and a picture description to the task.
50
51
52 == Extended content and functions ==
53
54 In tests and exams, you can integrate formulas and 3D objects as well as your own CSS and JavaScript files or generate diagrams and function graphs at runtime. The accessibility for extended content and functions cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, you should try out tests and examinations with your students in advance to identify problems and barriers at an early stage.
55
56 {{info}}
57 To display formulas, MathJax is used. Learn more about the [[Accessibility of MathJax>>url:https://docs.mathjax.org/en/latest/basic/accessibility.html]] here.
58 {{/info}}
59
60
61 == Question types ==
62
63 Some question types can have different obstacles and should be tested with students if necessary. The following list shows the available question types and, if relevant, the known barriers. It is by no means exhaustive as accessibility also depends on the specific content.
64
65
66 |=(% colspan="2" rowspan="1" %)Question type|=Accessibility
67 |(% style="width:34px" %)[[image:ONYX._Include Library.Onyx Icons und Buttons.WebHome@Icon_Auswahlaufgabe.png||data-xwiki-image-style="img-icon"]]|(% style="width:193px" %)[[Choice Interaction>>doc:ONYX.Erstellung von Testinhalten.Aufgabentypen.Auswahlaufgabe.WebHome]] (Single and Multiple choice)|Basically accessible to all users.
68 |(% style="width:34px" %)[[image:ONYX._Include Library.Onyx Icons und Buttons.WebHome@Icon_Freitextaufgabe.png||data-xwiki-image-style="img-icon"]]|(% style="width:193px" %)[[Extended Text Interaction>>doc:ONYX.Erstellung von Testinhalten.Aufgabentypen.Freitextaufgabe.WebHome]]|Basically accessible to all users.
69 |(% style="width:34px" %)[[image:ONYX._Include Library.Onyx Icons und Buttons.WebHome@Icon_Lückentextaufgabe.png||data-xwiki-image-style="img-icon"]]|(% style="width:193px" %)[[Text Entry Interaction>>doc:ONYX.Erstellung von Testinhalten.Aufgabentypen.Lückentextaufgabe.WebHome]]|(((
70 Not accessible for blind people, as the information fields are not labelled (gaps).
71 )))
72 |(% style="width:34px" %)[[image:ONYX._Include Library.Onyx Icons und Buttons.WebHome@Icon_Zuordnungsaufgabe.png||data-xwiki-image-style="img-icon"]]|(% style="width:193px" %)[[Match Interaction>>doc:ONYX.Erstellung von Testinhalten.Aufgabentypen.Einfache Zuordnungsaufgabe.WebHome]]|(((
73 Not accessible for blind people and people with impaired mobility. Can only be accessed with a mouse and complex gestures, not with a keyboard.
74 )))
75 |(% style="width:34px" %)[[image:ONYX._Include Library.Onyx Icons und Buttons.WebHome@Icon_Matrixaufgabe.png||data-xwiki-image-style="img-icon"]]|(% style="width:193px" %)[[Matrix Interaction>>doc:ONYX.Erstellung von Testinhalten.Aufgabentypen.Zuordnungsaufgabe Matrix.WebHome]]|This may be difficult to use for blind people as the table is not labelled and the radio buttons/checkboxes are not labelled as well.
76 |(% style="width:34px" %)[[image:ONYX._Include Library.Onyx Icons und Buttons.WebHome@Icon_Grafische Zuordnung.png||data-xwiki-image-style="img-icon"]]|(% style="width:193px" %)[[Graphic Match Interaction>>doc:ONYX.Erstellung von Testinhalten.Aufgabentypen.Grafische Zuordnung.WebHome]]|(((
77 Not accessible for blind people, people with visual impairments and people with impaired mobility. Can only be operated with a mouse and complex gestures, not with a keyboard, the graphics are not perceptible.
78 )))
79 |(% style="width:34px" %)[[image:ONYX._Include Library.Onyx Icons und Buttons.WebHome@Icon_Reihenfolgeaufgabe.png||data-xwiki-image-style="img-icon"]]|(% style="width:193px" %)[[Order Interaction>>doc:ONYX.Erstellung von Testinhalten.Aufgabentypen.Reihenfolgeaufgabe.WebHome]]|(((
80 Not accessible for blind people and people with impaired mobility. Can only be accessed with a mouse and complex gestures, not with a keyboard.
81 )))
82 |(% style="width:34px" %)[[image:ONYX._Include Library.Onyx Icons und Buttons.WebHome@Icon_Hotspotaufgabe.png||data-xwiki-image-style="img-icon"]]|(% style="width:193px" %)[[Hotspot Interaction>>doc:ONYX.Erstellung von Testinhalten.Aufgabentypen.Hotspot.WebHome]]|(((
83 Not accessible for blind people, people with visual impairments and people with impaired mobility. Can only be operated via mouse. The graphics are not perceptible.
84 )))
85 |(% style="width:34px" %)[[image:ONYX._Include Library.Onyx Icons und Buttons.WebHome@Icon_Fehlertextaufgabe.png||data-xwiki-image-style="img-icon"]]|(% style="width:193px" %)[[Hottext Interaction>>doc:ONYX.Erstellung von Testinhalten.Aufgabentypen.Fehlertext.WebHome]]|(((
86 Not accessible for blind people, people with visual impairments and people with impaired mobility. It is not perceptible whether a word/group of words is selected or not. Furthermore, the keyboard focus is not retained when a word/group of words is selected.
87 )))
88 |(% style="width:34px" %)[[image:ONYX._Include Library.Onyx Icons und Buttons.WebHome@Icon_Textboxaufgabe.png||data-xwiki-image-style="img-icon"]]|(% style="width:193px" %)[[Inline Choice>>doc:ONYX.Erstellung von Testinhalten.Aufgabentypen.Textboxaufgabe.WebHome]]|This may be difficult to use for blind people, as the interactive elements are not labelled as selection fields (select).
89 |(% style="width:34px" %)[[image:ONYX._Include Library.Onyx Icons und Buttons.WebHome@Icon_Uploadaufgabe.png||data-xwiki-image-style="img-icon"]]|(% style="width:193px" %)[[Upload Interaction>>doc:ONYX.Erstellung von Testinhalten.Aufgabentypen.Uploadaufgabe.WebHome]]|Basically accessible to all users.
90 |(% style="width:34px" %)[[image:ONYX._Include Library.Onyx Icons und Buttons.WebHome@Icon_Zeichnen.png||data-xwiki-image-style="img-icon"]]|(% style="width:193px" %)[[Drawing Interaction>>doc:ONYX.Erstellung von Testinhalten.Aufgabentypen.Zeichnen.WebHome]]|(((
91 Not accessible for blind people, people with visual impairments and people with impaired mobility. Can only be operated with a mouse.
92 )))
93 |(% style="width:34px" %)[[image:ONYX._Include Library.Onyx Icons und Buttons.WebHome@Icon_Programmieraufgabe.png||data-xwiki-image-style="img-icon"]]|(% style="width:193px" %)[[Programming Interaction>>doc:ONYX.Erstellung von Testinhalten.Aufgabentypen.Programmieraufgabe.WebHome]]|Basically accessible to all users.
94 |(% style="width:34px" %)[[image:ONYX._Include Library.Onyx Icons und Buttons.WebHome@Icon_Moleküle zeichnen.png||data-xwiki-image-style="img-icon"]]|(% style="width:193px" %)[[Drawing Molecules Interaction>>doc:ONYX.Erstellung von Testinhalten.Aufgabentypen.Molekuele zeichnen.WebHome]]|(((
95 Not accessible for blind people, people with visual impairments and people with impaired mobility. Can only be operated with a mouse.
96 )))
97
98 === Notes on drag-and-drop-questions ===
99
100 Concerns the question types Match Interaction, Order Interaction and Graphic Match Interaction.
101
102 * These question types cannot be operated by using the keyboard
103 * There is no alternative mouse operation to drag and drop (no simple pointer gestures)
104 * The answer options are not perceptible for blind people (e.g. via the screen reader)
105
106 **Possible Alternatives**
107
108 * Simplify the question and use the choice interaction
109 * Use matrix interaction
110 * Enable the comment field for an alternative answer as free text
111
112 All alternatives must be accessible. If the alternative with a comment field is used, it can help blind people to add the answer options to the question as a list. The task should remain clear and easy to understand for all participants.